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Ubuntu常见问题集锦

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ubuntu 源 静态IP grub启动项 MTA延时解决
firefox flash插件 远程桌面 ramdisk firefox cache
ibus 消失 ubuntu 桌面快捷方式 stardict 星际译王 terminal 终端快捷方式
gedit 乱码 ldconfig - 动态库 Wireless is disabled Open As Administrator
Aptget proxy gnome-schedule xrdp 远程桌面

ubuntu 源

先备份原始文件:

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

以下面文件替换:

消除ID警告:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv ID_xxxxxxxxx

运行命令更新:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo spt-get upgrade

代理设置:

meegoo@mg:~$ cat /etc/apt/apt.conf
Acquire::http::proxy "http://192.168.15.1:8080/"; 
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://192.168.15.1:8080/"; 
Acquire::https::proxy "https://192.168.15.1:8080/";

修改更新错误

error 1

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the list directory
解决方法:

$ ps -e | grep apt

删除相关进程:

$ sudo kill xxxx

静态IP - ubuntu 12.04 server

执行命令如下:

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

替换:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

为:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.2
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    network 192.168.0.0
    broadcast 192.168.0.255
    gateway 192.168.0.1
    dns-nameservers 192.168.0.1

重启服务:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

grub启动项

执行命令如下:

sudo vi /etc/default/grub

修改启动项,替换:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0

为:

GRUB_DEFAULT=4

修改为文本模式启动,替换:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

为:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash text"

使设置生效:

sudo update-grub 

MTA延时解决

修改文件:

sudo vim /etc/hosts

修改内容如下:

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1       server.localdomain server

firefox flash插件

下载 adobe flash player , 格式为*.tar.gz:

  1. 解压:tar -zxf xxx.tar.gz
  2. 拷贝:sudo sudo cp -r usr/* /usr
  3. 插件:sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
  4. 重启

已测试: ubuntu 12.04


远程桌面

  1. sudo apt-get install xrdp
  2. echo "gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" > ~/.xsession
  3. sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
  4. sudo reboot

已测试: windows xp


ramdisk

修改文件/etc/rc.local

mount -t tmpfs -o size=2048M tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk

创建挂载点:

sudo mkdir /mnt/ramdisk

已测试: ubuntu 12.04


firefox cache

打开firefox输入:about:config

  • 设置字符串browser.cache.disk.parent_directory,值为路径
  • 设置字符串browser.cache.offline.parent_directory,值为路径

ibus 消失

在终端输入如下内容:

gconftool -- type boolean -s /desktop/ibus/panel/show_icon_on_systray true
gconftool -- type boolean -s /desktop/ibus/panel/show true
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity.Panel systray-whitelist "['all']"


ubuntu 12.04 桌面快捷方式

安装:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends gnome-panel
sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

运行:

gnome-desktop-item-edit ~/Desktop/ --create-new
ccsm # show desktop
ls /usr/share/applications/ # show *.desktop

stardict 星际译王

软件安装:

sudo apt-get install stardict

字典下载地址 - stardict

字典安装:

sudo tar -xjvf a.tar.bz2 -C /usr/share/stardict/dic

terminal 终端快捷方式

快捷键方式:

ctrl + alt + t

右键打开终端的工具安装,安装后需重启:

sudo apt-get install -y nautilus-open-terminal

minicom权限,需重启电脑:

ls -al /dev/ttyS0
id -Gn
sudo adduser meegoo dialout
minicom -c on -w

gedit 乱码

执行如下命令:

gsettings set org.gnome.gedit.preferences.encodings auto-detected "['UTF-8','GB18030','GB2312','GBK','BIG5','CURRENT','UTF-16']" 

ldconfig - 动态库

  • 添加相关路径 - /etc/ld.so.conf.d
  • 生成cache - sudo ldconfig
  • 查看结果 - ldconfig -p

Wireless is disabled - ubuntu 12.04

  • Enable - sudo rfkill unblock wifi
  • List - sudo rfkill list all
  • tool - sudo apt-get install wicd-daemon

Add Open As Administrator to the Context Menu

wget http://www.liberiangeek.net/blog/tools/libnautilus-gksu.so     
sudo cp libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/    

Aptget proxy

配置firefox使用代理上网,然后修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf

内容如下:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://192.168.15.1:8080/"; 
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://192.168.15.1:8080/"; 
Acquire::https::proxy "https://192.168.15.1:8080/";

gnome-schedule

安装软件:

sudo apt-get install gnome-schedule

格式说明:

# *    *    *    *    *  command to execute
# ┬    ┬    ┬    ┬    ┬
# │    │    │    │    │
# │    │    │    │    │
# │    │    │    │    └───── day of week (0 - 6) (0 to 6 are Sunday to Saturday, or use names)
# │    │    │    └────────── month (1 - 12)
# │    │    └─────────────── day of month (1 - 31)
# │    └──────────────────── hour (0 - 23)
# └───────────────────────── min (0 - 59)

添加:

sudo crontab -e

内容如下:

0 12 * * * /sbin/poweroff
0 18 * * * /sbin/poweroff

xrdp 远程桌面

run the commands below to install xRDP package:

sudo apt-get install xrdp

If you have a problem connecting, run the commands below and restart Ubuntu, then try again.

echo "gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" > ~/.xsession

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